Python coroutines and generators allow functions to pause execution and yield control back to a scheduler while preserving their internal state. This mechanism enables cooperative multitasking without creating multiple threads, making it ideal for lightweight, concurrent tasks. In robotics, coroutines are used to implement sensor loops, controllers, and task scheduling, allowing efficient CPU usage and predictable timing. Generators provide a simple, flexible way to manage sequences of operations, events, or sensor data streams over time.