Kinematics and dynamics are core concepts in robotics that describe how robots move and interact with physical forces. Kinematics focuses on the geometric relationship between joint parameters and the position or velocity of robot components, without considering forces. Dynamics extends this analysis by modeling forces, torques, and mass properties that influence motion. Together, these models enable precise control of robotic manipulators, mobile robots, and articulated systems. Traditional robotics relies heavily on accurate kinematic and dynamic equations to plan trajectories and compute control commands. While these models are powerful in structured environments, they often require simplifications and careful calibration. In modern robotics, kinematics and dynamics are increasingly combined with machine learning techniques to handle uncertainty, unmodeled interactions, and real-world variability.