An IoT Gateway is a device that bridges communication between IoT devices and cloud-based platforms, handling data aggregation, preprocessing, and protocol translation. In software engineering, gateway software often includes multiple protocol handlers (e.g., MQTT, CoAP, HTTP) to communicate with a variety of devices and cloud services. Implementing an IoT gateway involves building custom device drivers for hardware interfaces like UART, I2C, and SPI, as well as software modules for data caching, filtering, and compression. Gateway software must also implement edge computing capabilities to support local analytics or machine learning models using frameworks like TensorFlow Lite. Security layers, such as device authentication, data encryption, and role-based access control, are essential to prevent unauthorized data access. Gateways typically need an OTA update mechanism to keep firmware and configuration up to date. For large deployments, developers build centralized management systems that monitor and configure thousands of gateways remotely. Integration with cloud services, using SDKs from platforms like AWS IoT Core or Google Cloud IoT, enables seamless data flow and device management across the entire system.